ABSTRACT
Objective: To screen the DNA barcodes for identifying the species in genus Aesculus Linn. Methods: The PCR amplification and sequencing efficacy, intraspecific and interspecific variation, and identification efficiency of nuclear ITS, ITS2, chlroplast psbA-trnH, rbcL, and matK sequences from 42 samples of 10 species in genus Aesculus Linn. were investigated. The screened sequences were determined by barcoding gap and NJ tree clustering analysis. Results: The PCR amplification and sequencing efficacy of psbA-trnH were 100%, the interspecific minimum variation was larger than the intraspecific maximum variation, and psbA-trnH had the highest identification efficacy. The psbA-trnH sequence had less polymerization of intraspecific and interspecific variation. By constructing the NJ tree, thorough verifying the three original plants could be used to separate with other related species. Conclusion: The psbA-trnH sequence is a powerful, though not perfect, barcode for the identification of species in Aesculus Linn.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the different permeation enhancers on the transdermal permeation of Xiao'er Niuhuang tuire cataplasms (XNTC).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using improved franz-type diffusion cell with excised rat skin in vitro as the transdermal barrier, the content of permeated geniposide was determined by HPLC to study the kinetic parameters such as cumulative permeation quantity and permeation rate.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The result showed that the process of penetrating of geniposide in XNTC through skin could be in accordance with zero-rade releasing equation and XNTC was stable during the course of experiment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>5% Propylene glycol (PG)-azone (2:3) has the best permeation-enhancing effect, and the results provided a primary basis for the future research on Xiao'er Niuhuang tuire cataplasms.</p>